Hávamál: “Cattle die, kinsmen die”
Hávamál, “the sayings of the High One”, is a collection of advice in verse credited to Odin. It survives in the Codex Regius, an Icelandic manuscript from the 1200s. These stanzas contain its most famous lines, numbers 76 and 77, and the blunt practical wisdom around them.
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The text and translation
Haltr ríðr hrossi, hiǫrð rekr handarvanr, daufr vegr ok dugir, blindr er betri, en brendr séi: nýtr manngi nás.
The lame man rides a horse, the handless man drives a herd, the deaf man fights and is of use; better to be blind than burned: no one has use for a corpse.
Word by word
- Haltr
- the lame man
- ríðr
- rides
- hrossi
- a horse
- hiǫrð
- a herd
- rekr
- drives
- handarvanr
- the handless man
- daufr
- the deaf man
- vegr
- fights
- ok
- and
- dugir
- is of use
- blindr
- blind
- er
- is
- betri
- better
- en
- than
- brendr
- burned
- séi
- be
- nýtr
- has use of
- manngi
- no one
- nás
- a corpse
Sonr er betri, þótt sé síð of alinn ept genginn guma: sialdan bautasteinar standa brauto nær, nema reisi niðr at nið.
A son is better, though he is born late, after the man has passed away: seldom do memorial stones stand by the road unless kinsman raises them for kinsman.
Word by word
- Sonr
- a son
- er
- is
- betri
- better
- þótt
- though
- sé
- he be
- síð
- late
- of
- (verbal particle)
- alinn
- born
- ept
- after
- genginn
- departed
- guma
- man
- sialdan
- seldom
- bautasteinar
- memorial stones
- standa
- stand
- brauto
- the road
- nær
- near
- nema
- unless
- reisi
- raises
- niðr
- kinsman
- at
- for
- nið
- kinsman
Tveir ro eins heriar, tunga er hǫfuðs bani, er mér í heðin hvern handar væni.
Two are one man's undoing; the tongue is the slayer of the head; under every fur cloak I expect a hand.
Word by word
- Tveir
- two
- ro
- are
- eins
- of one
- heriar
- destroyers [?]
- tunga
- the tongue
- er
- is
- hǫfuðs
- of the head
- bani
- slayer
- er
- is
- mér
- to me
- í
- in
- heðin
- fur cloak
- hvern
- every
- handar
- of a hand
- væni
- expectation
Nótt verðr feginn, sá er nesti trúir: skammar ro skips rár; hverf er haustgríma fiǫlð um viðrir á fimm dǫgom, en meira á mánaði.
He is glad of the night who trusts his provisions; short are a ship's yards; an autumn night is changeable; the weather changes much in five days, and more in a month.
Word by word
- Nótt
- of the night
- verðr
- becomes
- feginn
- glad
- sá
- he
- er
- who
- nesti
- provisions
- trúir
- trusts
- skammar
- short
- ro
- are
- skips
- a ship's
- rár
- yards
- hverf
- changeable
- er
- is
- haustgríma
- an autumn night
- fiǫlð
- much
- um
- (verbal particle)
- viðrir
- the weather changes
- á
- in
- fimm
- five
- dǫgom
- days
- en
- and
- meira
- more
- á
- in
- mánaði
- a month
Veita hinn, er vetki veit; margr verðr af lǫðrom api; maðr er auðigr, annarr óauðigr, skylit þann vitka vár.
He who knows nothing does not know that many a man is made a fool by riches; one man is rich, another poor; he should not be blamed for that misfortune.
Word by word
- Veita
- does not know
- hinn
- he
- er
- who
- vetki
- nothing
- veit
- knows
- margr
- many a man
- verðr
- becomes
- af
- from
- lǫðrom
- froth, i.e. wealth [?]
- api
- a fool
- maðr
- one man
- er
- is
- auðigr
- rich
- annarr
- another
- óauðigr
- poor
- skylit
- should not
- þann
- him
- vitka
- blame (or bewitch) [?]
- vár
- for misfortune
Deyr fé, deyia frændr, deyr siálfr it sama; en orztírr deyr aldregi, hveim er sér góðan getr.
Cattle die, kinsmen die, you yourself die the same; but a good name never dies for the one who wins it.
Word by word
- Deyr
- dies
- fé
- cattle
- deyia
- die
- frændr
- kinsmen
- deyr
- dies
- siálfr
- oneself
- it
- the
- sama
- same
- en
- but
- orztírr
- good name
- deyr
- dies
- aldregi
- never
- hveim
- for anyone
- er
- who
- sér
- for himself
- góðan
- a good one
- getr
- gets
Deyr fé, deyia frændr, deyr siálfr it sama; ek veit einn, at aldri deyr: dómr um dauðan hvern.
Cattle die, kinsmen die, you yourself die the same; I know one thing that never dies: the judgement on each one dead.
Word by word
- Deyr
- dies
- fé
- cattle
- deyia
- die
- frændr
- kinsmen
- deyr
- dies
- siálfr
- oneself
- it
- the
- sama
- same
- ek
- I
- veit
- know
- einn
- one thing
- at
- that
- aldri
- never
- deyr
- dies
- dómr
- the judgement
- um
- on
- dauðan
- dead
- hvern
- each
Fullar grindr sá ek fyr Fitiungs sonom: nú bera þeir vánar vǫl; svá er auðr sem auga bragð: hann er valtastr vina.
Full pens I saw for Fitjung's sons: now they carry a beggar's staff; wealth is like the blink of an eye: it is the most fickle of friends.
Word by word
- Fullar
- full
- grindr
- pens
- sá
- saw
- ek
- I
- fyr
- for
- Fitiungs
- Fitjung's
- sonom
- sons
- nú
- now
- bera
- carry
- þeir
- they
- vánar
- beggar's
- vǫl
- staff
- svá
- so
- er
- is
- auðr
- wealth
- sem
- as
- auga
- of an eye
- bragð
- the blink
- hann
- it
- er
- is
- valtastr
- most fickle
- vina
- of friends
Ósnotr maðr, ef eignaz getr fé eða flióðs munoð: metnaðr hánom þróaz, en manvit aldregi; fram gengr hann driúgt í dul.
The unwise man, if he comes to own wealth or a woman's love: his pride grows, but never his good sense; he goes steadily on in his conceit.
Word by word
- Ósnotr
- unwise
- maðr
- man
- ef
- if
- eignaz
- come to own
- getr
- gets to
- fé
- wealth
- eða
- or
- flióðs
- a woman's
- munoð
- love
- metnaðr
- pride
- hánom
- his
- þróaz
- grows
- en
- but
- manvit
- good sense
- aldregi
- never
- fram
- on
- gengr
- goes
- hann
- he
- driúgt
- steadily
- í
- in
- dul
- conceit
Þat er þá reynt, er þú at rúnom spyrr, inom reginkunnom, þeim er gørðo ginnregin ok fáði fimbulþulr: þá hefir hann batst, ef hann þegir.
That is proved when you ask about the runes of divine origin, which the great gods made and the mighty sage painted: then he does best if he keeps silent.
Word by word
- Þat
- that
- er
- is
- þá
- then
- reynt
- proved
- er
- when
- þú
- you
- at
- about
- rúnom
- the runes
- spyrr
- ask
- inom
- the
- reginkunnom
- of divine origin
- þeim
- those
- er
- which
- gørðo
- made
- ginnregin
- the great gods
- ok
- and
- fáði
- painted
- fimbulþulr
- the mighty sage
- þá
- then
- hefir
- has
- hann
- he
- batst
- best
- ef
- if
- hann
- he
- þegir
- keeps silent
What to notice
- Deyr fé, deyia frændr is the famous line. Fé means cattle and also wealth, and it is related to our word fee.
- orztírr is a good name or lasting reputation, the one thing stanza 76 says does not die.
- bautasteinar are memorial stones, like the runestones Vikings raised along roads for their dead. You can read those in this course too.
- Tveir ro eins heriar shows the style: short, hard statements with little explanation. Much of the poem sounds like this.
Read it yourself
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Learn to read this in Old Norse
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Sources
Hávamál, stanzas 71-80, ed. Gustav Neckel, Edda (Heidelberg 1914). Public domain. English: Claude (AI)
Text licence: Public domain.
Language pack licence: Texts: ODbL 1.0 / DbCL 1.0 (Rundata), CC BY-SA 4.0 (dataset); glosses CC BY-SA 4.0; tagged poems public domain, annotation CC BY-SA 4.0.
Inscription texts: Samnordisk runtextdatabas (Scandinavian Runic-text Database), Uppsala University, http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm, via the "Scandinavian Runestone Inscriptions" dataset (CC BY-SA 4.0). Lemmas, grammar and glosses: Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 4.0) via kaikki.org, with AI-written fixes (marked "ai"). Runes rendered from the transliteration. Tagged poems (each passage carries its own source credit): Hávamál after Gustav Neckel's 1914 edition of the Codex Regius, public domain. Their tagging, lemmas and glosses are AI-written (marked "ai") and not yet reviewed by a person.
The introduction and notes on this page were written by Claude (AI). Word glosses are AI-assisted, and so is the English unless the source above names another translator.