UrlingOpen the app

Languages / Old Norse

Hávamál: “Cattle die, kinsmen die”

Hávamál, “the sayings of the High One”, is a collection of advice in verse credited to Odin. It survives in the Codex Regius, an Icelandic manuscript from the 1200s. These stanzas contain its most famous lines, numbers 76 and 77, and the blunt practical wisdom around them.

Learn to read this in Old Norse
Free, no account. Your first line takes about three minutes.

The text and translation

Haltr ríðr hrossi, hiǫrð rekr handarvanr, daufr vegr ok dugir, blindr er betri, en brendr séi: nýtr manngi nás.

The lame man rides a horse, the handless man drives a herd, the deaf man fights and is of use; better to be blind than burned: no one has use for a corpse.

Word by word
Haltr
the lame man
ríðr
rides
hrossi
a horse
hiǫrð
a herd
rekr
drives
handarvanr
the handless man
daufr
the deaf man
vegr
fights
ok
and
dugir
is of use
blindr
blind
er
is
betri
better
en
than
brendr
burned
séi
be
nýtr
has use of
manngi
no one
nás
a corpse

Sonr er betri, þótt sé síð of alinn ept genginn guma: sialdan bautasteinar standa brauto nær, nema reisi niðr at nið.

A son is better, though he is born late, after the man has passed away: seldom do memorial stones stand by the road unless kinsman raises them for kinsman.

Word by word
Sonr
a son
er
is
betri
better
þótt
though
sé
he be
síð
late
of
(verbal particle)
alinn
born
ept
after
genginn
departed
guma
man
sialdan
seldom
bautasteinar
memorial stones
standa
stand
brauto
the road
nær
near
nema
unless
reisi
raises
niðr
kinsman
at
for
nið
kinsman

Tveir ro eins heriar, tunga er hǫfuðs bani, er mér í heðin hvern handar væni.

Two are one man's undoing; the tongue is the slayer of the head; under every fur cloak I expect a hand.

Word by word
Tveir
two
ro
are
eins
of one
heriar
destroyers [?]
tunga
the tongue
er
is
hǫfuðs
of the head
bani
slayer
er
is
mér
to me
í
in
heðin
fur cloak
hvern
every
handar
of a hand
væni
expectation

Nótt verðr feginn, sá er nesti trúir: skammar ro skips rár; hverf er haustgríma fiǫlð um viðrir á fimm dǫgom, en meira á mánaði.

He is glad of the night who trusts his provisions; short are a ship's yards; an autumn night is changeable; the weather changes much in five days, and more in a month.

Word by word
Nótt
of the night
verðr
becomes
feginn
glad
sá
he
er
who
nesti
provisions
trúir
trusts
skammar
short
ro
are
skips
a ship's
rár
yards
hverf
changeable
er
is
haustgríma
an autumn night
fiǫlð
much
um
(verbal particle)
viðrir
the weather changes
á
in
fimm
five
dǫgom
days
en
and
meira
more
á
in
mánaði
a month

Veita hinn, er vetki veit; margr verðr af lǫðrom api; maðr er auðigr, annarr óauðigr, skylit þann vitka vár.

He who knows nothing does not know that many a man is made a fool by riches; one man is rich, another poor; he should not be blamed for that misfortune.

Word by word
Veita
does not know
hinn
he
er
who
vetki
nothing
veit
knows
margr
many a man
verðr
becomes
af
from
lǫðrom
froth, i.e. wealth [?]
api
a fool
maðr
one man
er
is
auðigr
rich
annarr
another
óauðigr
poor
skylit
should not
þann
him
vitka
blame (or bewitch) [?]
vár
for misfortune

Deyr fé, deyia frændr, deyr siálfr it sama; en orztírr deyr aldregi, hveim er sér góðan getr.

Cattle die, kinsmen die, you yourself die the same; but a good name never dies for the one who wins it.

Word by word
Deyr
dies
fé
cattle
deyia
die
frændr
kinsmen
deyr
dies
siálfr
oneself
it
the
sama
same
en
but
orztírr
good name
deyr
dies
aldregi
never
hveim
for anyone
er
who
sér
for himself
góðan
a good one
getr
gets

Deyr fé, deyia frændr, deyr siálfr it sama; ek veit einn, at aldri deyr: dómr um dauðan hvern.

Cattle die, kinsmen die, you yourself die the same; I know one thing that never dies: the judgement on each one dead.

Word by word
Deyr
dies
fé
cattle
deyia
die
frændr
kinsmen
deyr
dies
siálfr
oneself
it
the
sama
same
ek
I
veit
know
einn
one thing
at
that
aldri
never
deyr
dies
dómr
the judgement
um
on
dauðan
dead
hvern
each

Fullar grindr sá ek fyr Fitiungs sonom: nú bera þeir vánar vǫl; svá er auðr sem auga bragð: hann er valtastr vina.

Full pens I saw for Fitjung's sons: now they carry a beggar's staff; wealth is like the blink of an eye: it is the most fickle of friends.

Word by word
Fullar
full
grindr
pens
sá
saw
ek
I
fyr
for
Fitiungs
Fitjung's
sonom
sons
nú
now
bera
carry
þeir
they
vánar
beggar's
vǫl
staff
svá
so
er
is
auðr
wealth
sem
as
auga
of an eye
bragð
the blink
hann
it
er
is
valtastr
most fickle
vina
of friends

Ósnotr maðr, ef eignaz getr fé eða flióðs munoð: metnaðr hánom þróaz, en manvit aldregi; fram gengr hann driúgt í dul.

The unwise man, if he comes to own wealth or a woman's love: his pride grows, but never his good sense; he goes steadily on in his conceit.

Word by word
Ósnotr
unwise
maðr
man
ef
if
eignaz
come to own
getr
gets to
fé
wealth
eða
or
flióðs
a woman's
munoð
love
metnaðr
pride
hánom
his
þróaz
grows
en
but
manvit
good sense
aldregi
never
fram
on
gengr
goes
hann
he
driúgt
steadily
í
in
dul
conceit

Þat er þá reynt, er þú at rúnom spyrr, inom reginkunnom, þeim er gørðo ginnregin ok fáði fimbulþulr: þá hefir hann batst, ef hann þegir.

That is proved when you ask about the runes of divine origin, which the great gods made and the mighty sage painted: then he does best if he keeps silent.

Word by word
Þat
that
er
is
þá
then
reynt
proved
er
when
þú
you
at
about
rúnom
the runes
spyrr
ask
inom
the
reginkunnom
of divine origin
þeim
those
er
which
gørðo
made
ginnregin
the great gods
ok
and
fáði
painted
fimbulþulr
the mighty sage
þá
then
hefir
has
hann
he
batst
best
ef
if
hann
he
þegir
keeps silent

What to notice

Read it yourself

Urling teaches the words in this text first, so that when you reach it you can read it in Old Norse. It uses short lessons, and nothing has to be memorised from a list.

Learn to read this in Old Norse
Free, no account. Your first line takes about three minutes.

Sources

Hávamál, stanzas 71-80, ed. Gustav Neckel, Edda (Heidelberg 1914). Public domain. English: Claude (AI)
Text licence: Public domain.
Language pack licence: Texts: ODbL 1.0 / DbCL 1.0 (Rundata), CC BY-SA 4.0 (dataset); glosses CC BY-SA 4.0; tagged poems public domain, annotation CC BY-SA 4.0.
Inscription texts: Samnordisk runtextdatabas (Scandinavian Runic-text Database), Uppsala University, http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm, via the "Scandinavian Runestone Inscriptions" dataset (CC BY-SA 4.0). Lemmas, grammar and glosses: Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 4.0) via kaikki.org, with AI-written fixes (marked "ai"). Runes rendered from the transliteration. Tagged poems (each passage carries its own source credit): Hávamál after Gustav Neckel's 1914 edition of the Codex Regius, public domain. Their tagging, lemmas and glosses are AI-written (marked "ai") and not yet reviewed by a person.
The introduction and notes on this page were written by Claude (AI). Word glosses are AI-assisted, and so is the English unless the source above names another translator.

More Old Norse texts