Hávamál: Odin hangs on the tree
These stanzas are the best-known account of how Odin won the runes. He hangs himself on a tree for nine nights, wounded by a spear, as a sacrifice to himself. The tree is usually taken to be Yggdrasil, the world tree, though the poem does not name it.
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The text and translation
Veit ek, at ek hekk vindga meiði á nætr allar nío, geiri undaðr ok gefinn Óðni, siálfr siálfom mér, á þeim meiði, er manngi veit, hvers hann af rótom renn.
I know that I hung on a windy tree for nine whole nights, wounded with a spear and given to Odin, myself to myself, on that tree of which no one knows from what roots it runs.
Word by word
- Veit
- know
- ek
- I
- at
- that
- ek
- I
- hekk
- hung
- vindga
- windy
- meiði
- tree
- á
- on
- nætr
- nights
- allar
- all
- nío
- nine
- geiri
- with a spear
- undaðr
- wounded
- ok
- and
- gefinn
- given
- Óðni
- to Odin
- siálfr
- myself
- siálfom
- to myself
- mér
- me
- á
- on
- þeim
- that
- meiði
- tree
- er
- of which
- manngi
- no one
- veit
- knows
- hvers
- from what
- hann
- it
- af
- from
- rótom
- roots
- renn
- runs
Við hleifi mik seldo né við hornigi; nýsta ek niðr: nam ek upp rúnar, œpandi nam: fell ek aptr þaðan.
They gave me no bread nor any drinking horn; I peered down: I took up the runes, screaming I took them: I fell back from there.
Word by word
- Við
- with
- hleifi
- bread
- mik
- me
- seldo
- they gave
- né
- nor
- við
- with
- hornigi
- any horn
- nýsta
- peered
- ek
- I
- niðr
- down
- nam
- took
- ek
- I
- upp
- up
- rúnar
- runes
- œpandi
- screaming
- nam
- took them
- fell
- fell
- ek
- I
- aptr
- back
- þaðan
- from there
Fimbullióð nío nam ek af inom frægia syni Bǫlþors, Bestlo fǫður, ok ek drykk of gat ins dýra miaðar, ausinn Óðrøri.
Nine mighty songs I learned from the famous son of Bǫlþorn, Bestla's father, and I got a drink of the precious mead, poured from Óðrerir.
Word by word
- Fimbullióð
- mighty songs
- nío
- nine
- nam
- learned
- ek
- I
- af
- from
- inom
- the
- frægia
- famous
- syni
- son
- Bǫlþors
- of Bǫlþorn
- Bestlo
- Bestla's
- fǫður
- father
- ok
- and
- ek
- I
- drykk
- a drink
- of
- (verbal particle)
- gat
- got
- ins
- of the
- dýra
- precious
- miaðar
- mead
- ausinn
- poured
- Óðrøri
- from Óðrerir
Þá nam ek frævaz ok fróðr vera ok vaxa ok vel hafaz; orð mér af orði orz leitaði, verk mér af verki verks leitaði.
Then I began to grow fruitful and wise, and to grow and to thrive; one word led me on from word to word, one deed led me on from deed to deed.
Word by word
- Þá
- then
- nam
- began
- ek
- I
- frævaz
- grow fruitful
- ok
- and
- fróðr
- wise
- vera
- be
- ok
- and
- vaxa
- grow
- ok
- and
- vel
- well
- hafaz
- thrive
- orð
- word
- mér
- for me
- af
- from
- orði
- word
- orz
- a word
- leitaði
- sought
- verk
- deed
- mér
- for me
- af
- from
- verki
- deed
- verks
- a deed
- leitaði
- sought
Rúnar munt þú finna ok ráðna stafi, miǫk stóra stafi, miǫk stinna stafi, er fáði fimbulþulr ok gørðo ginnregin ok reist hroptr rǫgna,
Runes you will find and meaningful staves, very great staves, very strong staves, which the mighty sage painted and the great gods made and the sage of the gods carved,
Word by word
- Rúnar
- runes
- munt
- will
- þú
- you
- finna
- find
- ok
- and
- ráðna
- meaningful
- stafi
- staves
- miǫk
- very
- stóra
- great
- stafi
- staves
- miǫk
- very
- stinna
- strong
- stafi
- staves
- er
- which
- fáði
- painted
- fimbulþulr
- the mighty sage
- ok
- and
- gørðo
- made
- ginnregin
- the great gods
- ok
- and
- reist
- carved
- hroptr
- the sage
- rǫgna
- of the gods
Óðinn með ásom, en fyr álfom Dáinn, Dvalinn dvergom fyrir, Ásviðr iǫtnom fyrir, ek reist siálfr sumar.
Odin among the Æsir, and Dáin for the elves, Dvalin for the dwarves, Ásvið for the giants; I myself carved some.
Word by word
- Óðinn
- Odin
- með
- among
- ásom
- the Æsir
- en
- and
- fyr
- for
- álfom
- the elves
- Dáinn
- Dáin
- Dvalinn
- Dvalin
- dvergom
- the dwarves
- fyrir
- for
- Ásviðr
- Ásvið
- iǫtnom
- the giants
- fyrir
- for
- ek
- I
- reist
- carved
- siálfr
- myself
- sumar
- some
Veitstu, hvé rísta skal? veitstu, hvé ráða skal? veitstu, hvé fá skal? veitstu, hvé freista skal? veitstu, hvé biðia skal? veitstu, hvé blóta skal? veitstu, hvé senda skal? veitstu, hvé sóa skal?
Do you know how to carve? Do you know how to read? Do you know how to paint? Do you know how to test? Do you know how to ask? Do you know how to sacrifice? Do you know how to send? Do you know how to offer?
Word by word
- Veitstu
- do you know
- hvé
- how
- rísta
- carve
- skal
- one should
- veitstu
- do you know
- hvé
- how
- ráða
- read
- skal
- one should
- veitstu
- do you know
- hvé
- how
- fá
- paint
- skal
- one should
- veitstu
- do you know
- hvé
- how
- freista
- test
- skal
- one should
- veitstu
- do you know
- hvé
- how
- biðia
- ask
- skal
- one should
- veitstu
- do you know
- hvé
- how
- blóta
- sacrifice
- skal
- one should
- veitstu
- do you know
- hvé
- how
- senda
- send
- skal
- one should
- veitstu
- do you know
- hvé
- how
- sóa
- offer
- skal
- one should
Betra er óbeðit, en sé ofblótit: ey sér til gildis giǫf; betra er ósent, en sé ofsóit:
Better not to ask than to over-sacrifice: a gift always looks for repayment; better not to send than to over-offer: (a line is lost.)
Word by word
- Betra
- better
- er
- is
- óbeðit
- unasked
- en
- than
- sé
- be
- ofblótit
- over-sacrificed
- ey
- always
- sér
- looks
- til
- to
- gildis
- repayment
- giǫf
- a gift
- betra
- better
- er
- is
- ósent
- unsent
- en
- than
- sé
- be
- ofsóit
- over-offered
Svá Þundr um reist fyr þióða rǫk; þar hann upp um reis, er hann aptr of kom.
So Þund carved before the history of peoples; there he rose up, where he came back.
Word by word
- Svá
- so
- Þundr
- Þund
- um
- (verbal particle)
- reist
- carved
- fyr
- before
- þióða
- of peoples
- rǫk
- history
- þar
- there
- hann
- he
- upp
- up
- um
- (verbal particle)
- reis
- rose
- er
- where
- hann
- he
- aptr
- back
- of
- (verbal particle)
- kom
- came
What to notice
- nætr allar nío is “nine whole nights”. Nine is a charged number across Norse myth.
- siálfr siálfom mér is “myself to myself”. The repetition in the Norse makes the strange idea plain.
- nam ek upp rúnar is “I took up the runes”, the moment everything turns on.
- Veitstu (“do you know”) is one word, with “you” stuck on the end of the verb. It opens eight questions in a row.
Read it yourself
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Sources
Hávamál, stanzas 138-145, ed. Gustav Neckel, Edda (Heidelberg 1914). Public domain. English: Claude (AI)
Text licence: Public domain.
Language pack licence: Texts: ODbL 1.0 / DbCL 1.0 (Rundata), CC BY-SA 4.0 (dataset); glosses CC BY-SA 4.0; tagged poems public domain, annotation CC BY-SA 4.0.
Inscription texts: Samnordisk runtextdatabas (Scandinavian Runic-text Database), Uppsala University, http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm, via the "Scandinavian Runestone Inscriptions" dataset (CC BY-SA 4.0). Lemmas, grammar and glosses: Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 4.0) via kaikki.org, with AI-written fixes (marked "ai"). Runes rendered from the transliteration. Tagged poems (each passage carries its own source credit): Hávamál after Gustav Neckel's 1914 edition of the Codex Regius, public domain. Their tagging, lemmas and glosses are AI-written (marked "ai") and not yet reviewed by a person.
The introduction and notes on this page were written by Claude (AI). Word glosses are AI-assisted, and so is the English unless the source above names another translator.