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Hávamál: Odin hangs on the tree

These stanzas are the best-known account of how Odin won the runes. He hangs himself on a tree for nine nights, wounded by a spear, as a sacrifice to himself. The tree is usually taken to be Yggdrasil, the world tree, though the poem does not name it.

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The text and translation

Veit ek, at ek hekk vindga meiði á nætr allar nío, geiri undaðr ok gefinn Óðni, siálfr siálfom mér, á þeim meiði, er manngi veit, hvers hann af rótom renn.

I know that I hung on a windy tree for nine whole nights, wounded with a spear and given to Odin, myself to myself, on that tree of which no one knows from what roots it runs.

Word by word
Veit
know
ek
I
at
that
ek
I
hekk
hung
vindga
windy
meiði
tree
á
on
nætr
nights
allar
all
nío
nine
geiri
with a spear
undaðr
wounded
ok
and
gefinn
given
Óðni
to Odin
siálfr
myself
siálfom
to myself
mér
me
á
on
þeim
that
meiði
tree
er
of which
manngi
no one
veit
knows
hvers
from what
hann
it
af
from
rótom
roots
renn
runs

Við hleifi mik seldo né við hornigi; nýsta ek niðr: nam ek upp rúnar, œpandi nam: fell ek aptr þaðan.

They gave me no bread nor any drinking horn; I peered down: I took up the runes, screaming I took them: I fell back from there.

Word by word
Við
with
hleifi
bread
mik
me
seldo
they gave
né
nor
við
with
hornigi
any horn
nýsta
peered
ek
I
niðr
down
nam
took
ek
I
upp
up
rúnar
runes
œpandi
screaming
nam
took them
fell
fell
ek
I
aptr
back
þaðan
from there

Fimbullióð nío nam ek af inom frægia syni Bǫlþors, Bestlo fǫður, ok ek drykk of gat ins dýra miaðar, ausinn Óðrøri.

Nine mighty songs I learned from the famous son of Bǫlþorn, Bestla's father, and I got a drink of the precious mead, poured from Óðrerir.

Word by word
Fimbullióð
mighty songs
nío
nine
nam
learned
ek
I
af
from
inom
the
frægia
famous
syni
son
Bǫlþors
of Bǫlþorn
Bestlo
Bestla's
fǫður
father
ok
and
ek
I
drykk
a drink
of
(verbal particle)
gat
got
ins
of the
dýra
precious
miaðar
mead
ausinn
poured
Óðrøri
from Óðrerir

Þá nam ek frævaz ok fróðr vera ok vaxa ok vel hafaz; orð mér af orði orz leitaði, verk mér af verki verks leitaði.

Then I began to grow fruitful and wise, and to grow and to thrive; one word led me on from word to word, one deed led me on from deed to deed.

Word by word
Þá
then
nam
began
ek
I
frævaz
grow fruitful
ok
and
fróðr
wise
vera
be
ok
and
vaxa
grow
ok
and
vel
well
hafaz
thrive
orð
word
mér
for me
af
from
orði
word
orz
a word
leitaði
sought
verk
deed
mér
for me
af
from
verki
deed
verks
a deed
leitaði
sought

Rúnar munt þú finna ok ráðna stafi, miǫk stóra stafi, miǫk stinna stafi, er fáði fimbulþulr ok gørðo ginnregin ok reist hroptr rǫgna,

Runes you will find and meaningful staves, very great staves, very strong staves, which the mighty sage painted and the great gods made and the sage of the gods carved,

Word by word
Rúnar
runes
munt
will
þú
you
finna
find
ok
and
ráðna
meaningful
stafi
staves
miǫk
very
stóra
great
stafi
staves
miǫk
very
stinna
strong
stafi
staves
er
which
fáði
painted
fimbulþulr
the mighty sage
ok
and
gørðo
made
ginnregin
the great gods
ok
and
reist
carved
hroptr
the sage
rǫgna
of the gods

Óðinn með ásom, en fyr álfom Dáinn, Dvalinn dvergom fyrir, Ásviðr iǫtnom fyrir, ek reist siálfr sumar.

Odin among the Æsir, and Dáin for the elves, Dvalin for the dwarves, Ásvið for the giants; I myself carved some.

Word by word
Óðinn
Odin
með
among
ásom
the Æsir
en
and
fyr
for
álfom
the elves
Dáinn
Dáin
Dvalinn
Dvalin
dvergom
the dwarves
fyrir
for
Ásviðr
Ásvið
iǫtnom
the giants
fyrir
for
ek
I
reist
carved
siálfr
myself
sumar
some

Veitstu, hvé rísta skal? veitstu, hvé ráða skal? veitstu, hvé fá skal? veitstu, hvé freista skal? veitstu, hvé biðia skal? veitstu, hvé blóta skal? veitstu, hvé senda skal? veitstu, hvé sóa skal?

Do you know how to carve? Do you know how to read? Do you know how to paint? Do you know how to test? Do you know how to ask? Do you know how to sacrifice? Do you know how to send? Do you know how to offer?

Word by word
Veitstu
do you know
hvé
how
rísta
carve
skal
one should
veitstu
do you know
hvé
how
ráða
read
skal
one should
veitstu
do you know
hvé
how
fá
paint
skal
one should
veitstu
do you know
hvé
how
freista
test
skal
one should
veitstu
do you know
hvé
how
biðia
ask
skal
one should
veitstu
do you know
hvé
how
blóta
sacrifice
skal
one should
veitstu
do you know
hvé
how
senda
send
skal
one should
veitstu
do you know
hvé
how
sóa
offer
skal
one should

Betra er óbeðit, en sé ofblótit: ey sér til gildis giǫf; betra er ósent, en sé ofsóit:

Better not to ask than to over-sacrifice: a gift always looks for repayment; better not to send than to over-offer: (a line is lost.)

Word by word
Betra
better
er
is
óbeðit
unasked
en
than
sé
be
ofblótit
over-sacrificed
ey
always
sér
looks
til
to
gildis
repayment
giǫf
a gift
betra
better
er
is
ósent
unsent
en
than
sé
be
ofsóit
over-offered

Svá Þundr um reist fyr þióða rǫk; þar hann upp um reis, er hann aptr of kom.

So Þund carved before the history of peoples; there he rose up, where he came back.

Word by word
Svá
so
Þundr
Þund
um
(verbal particle)
reist
carved
fyr
before
þióða
of peoples
rǫk
history
þar
there
hann
he
upp
up
um
(verbal particle)
reis
rose
er
where
hann
he
aptr
back
of
(verbal particle)
kom
came

What to notice

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Sources

Hávamál, stanzas 138-145, ed. Gustav Neckel, Edda (Heidelberg 1914). Public domain. English: Claude (AI)
Text licence: Public domain.
Language pack licence: Texts: ODbL 1.0 / DbCL 1.0 (Rundata), CC BY-SA 4.0 (dataset); glosses CC BY-SA 4.0; tagged poems public domain, annotation CC BY-SA 4.0.
Inscription texts: Samnordisk runtextdatabas (Scandinavian Runic-text Database), Uppsala University, http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm, via the "Scandinavian Runestone Inscriptions" dataset (CC BY-SA 4.0). Lemmas, grammar and glosses: Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 4.0) via kaikki.org, with AI-written fixes (marked "ai"). Runes rendered from the transliteration. Tagged poems (each passage carries its own source credit): Hávamál after Gustav Neckel's 1914 edition of the Codex Regius, public domain. Their tagging, lemmas and glosses are AI-written (marked "ai") and not yet reviewed by a person.
The introduction and notes on this page were written by Claude (AI). Word glosses are AI-assisted, and so is the English unless the source above names another translator.

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